Calories
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Everyone talks about reducing or increasing calories for weight loss - this is a SCIENCE, not guesswork. And it is really easy to calculate your individual needs.
The first step is to calculate your BMR - or Basal Metabolic Rate. This is based on your age and height and is the lowest level of calories your body needs to survive, breath etc. Do NOT eat lower than this level for any significant period of time as you will massively mess with your metabolism, which will assume you are starving and slow right down, making it near impossible to lose.
Then once you know your BMR, calculate your TDEE or Total Daily Energy Expenditure calories - this is based on how active you are. Unless you are a genuine athlete most of us are classed as "sedentary", especially if you have a desk job. Don't make the mistake of over (or under) estimating your activity levels. I work out gently a few times a week and am still classed as sedentary.
The number of calories you have here are your MAINTAINANCE level calorie needs.
THEN once you have this calorie number, you take off 15%-20% for weight loss, or about 500 calories below maintenance.
Here is a handy calculator that does it all for you!!! https://tdeecalculator.net/
It also gives you suggestions on MACROS to eat at, and what percentage of protein/carbs/fat you should eat for your individual weight loss or maintenance needs.
ALSO important to note that the number of calories you will need to eat for weight loss will decrease as you lose weight! So you will need to reevaluate the level of calories you need to eat regularly depending on your current weight.
This calculator has been truly invaluable to me!! I hope it helps others.